Full-Duplex Ethernet

Asal, Ethernet hanya boleh hantar atau terima, tak boleh serentak.

Kenapa: Utk Detect Collision.
Masa Ethernet hantar, dia kena listen juga. Jika yg diterima(listen) sama dengan yg dihantar, maksudnya tiada collision. Tapi jika tak sama, maksudnya ada node lain yg hantar serentak(collision). So Ethernet kena ulang hantar semula.

Bila guna switch, satu segment hanya ada satu node. PC - switch sahaja. Jadi potensi utk collision tiada. Maka Node boleh hantar, dan terima dari switch serentak.



ref:  http://computer.howstuffworks.com/ethernet15.htm

getInstalledApplications vs getInstalledPackages

• PackageManager.getInstalledPackages(int flags), on the other hand, will provide you information regarding all AndroidManifest's elements, such as declared activities, services, receivers, meta-data
• Returns: A List of PackageInfo objects
• PackageInfo contains ApplicationInfo

• PackageManager.getInstalledApplications(int flags)  will provide you information regarding the AndroidManifest's Application tag, and just about it. Forget about activities, receivers, services and go on.
• Returns: Returns a List of ApplicationInfo
• ApplicationInfo 

PackageInfo properties:

• applicationInfo - ApplicationInfo
• packageName - String
• versionName - String
• versionCode - int
• permissions - PermissionInfo[] : (.GET_PERMISSIONS )

ApplicationInfo properties:

• className - String
• packageName - String
• processName - String (The name of the process this application should run in. From the "process" attribute or, if not set, the same as packageName)
• permission(needed by other to call this app) - String
• dataDir
• sourceDir
• publicSourceDir
• nativeLibraryDir
• sharedLibraryFiles - String[]  : (GET_SHARED_LIBRARY_FILES )

simple_list_item_1

R.layout.simple_list_item_1

file: android_source_code/frameworks/base/core/res/res/layout/simple_list_item_1.xml



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@android:id/text1"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceListItemSmall"
    android:gravity="center_vertical"
    android:paddingStart="?android:attr/listPreferredItemPaddingStart"
    android:paddingEnd="?android:attr/listPreferredItemPaddingEnd"
    android:minHeight="?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeightSmall"
/>

packages.xml

PackageManager beri maklumat berdasarkan file: /data/system/packages.xml
[sangkaan yg kuat :)]


fileName: /data/system/packages.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone='yes' ?>
<packages>
<last-platform-version internal="18" external="18" />
<permission-trees />
<permissions>
<item name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE" package="android" protection="1" />
<item name="android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG" package="android" protection="1" />
<item name="android.permission.CLEAR_APP_CACHE" package="android" protection="1" />
<item name="android.permission.AUTHENTICATE_ACCOUNTS" package="android" protection="1" />
<item name="android.permission.ASEC_ACCESS" package="android" protection="2" />
<item
...
...
...
.
<item name="com.dolphin.browser.permission.RECOGNIZE_GUESTURE" package="mobi.mgeek.TunnyBrowser" protection="18" />
<item name="android.permission.VIBRATE" package="android" />
<item name="android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS" package="android" protection="1" />
</permissions>
<package name="com.android.soundrecorder" codePath="/system/app/SoundRecorder.apk" nativeLibraryPath="/data/app-lib/SoundRecorder" flags="572997" ft="14039055328" it="14039055328" ut="14039055328" version="18" userId="10024">
<sigs count="1">
<cert index="0" key="308204a830820390a003020102020900936eacbe07f201df300d06092a864886f70d0101050500308194310b3009060355040613025553311330110603550408130a43616c69666f726e6961311630140603550407130d4d6f756e7461696e20566965773110300e060355040a1307416e64726f69643110300e060355040b1307416e64726f69643110300e06035504031307416e64726f69643122302006092a864886f70d0109011613616e64726f696440616e64726f69642e636f6d301e170d3038303232393031333334365a170d3335303731373031333334365a308194310b3009060355040613025553311330110603550408130a43616c69666f726e6961311630140603550407130d4d6f756e7461696e20566965773110300e060355040a1307416e64726f69643110300e060355040b1307416e64726f69643110300e06035504031307416e64726f69643122302006092a864886f70d0109011613616e64726f696440616e64726f69642e636f6d30820120300d06092a864886f70d01010105000382010d00308201080282010100d6931904dec60b24b1edc762e0d9d8253e3ecd6ceb1de2ff068ca8e8bca8cd6bd3786ea70aa76ce60ebb0f993559ffd93e77a943e7e83d4b64b8e4fea2d3e656f1e267a81bbfb230b578c20443be4c7218b846f5211586f038a14e89c2be387f8ebecf8fcac3da1ee330c9ea93d0a7c3dc4af350220d50080732e0809717ee6a053359e6a694ec2cb3f284a0a466c87a94d83b31093a67372e2f6412c06e6d42f15818dffe0381cc0cd444da6cddc3b82458194801b32564134fbfde98c9287748dbf5676a540d8154c8bbca07b9e247553311c46b9af76fdeeccc8e69e7c8a2d08e782620943f99727d3c04fe72991d99df9bae38a0b2177fa31d5b6afee91f020103a381fc3081f9301d0603551d0e04160414485900563d272c46ae118605a47419ac09ca8c113081c90603551d230481c13081be8014485900563d272c46ae118605a47419ac09ca8c11a1819aa48197308194310b3009060355040613025553311330110603550408130a43616c69666f726e6961311630140603550407130d4d6f756e7461696e20566965773110300e060355040a1307416e64726f69643110300e060355040b1307416e64726f69643110300e06035504031307416e64726f69643122302006092a864886f70d0109011613616e64726f696440616e64726f69642e636f6d820900936eacbe07f201df300c0603551d13040530030101ff300d06092a864886f70d010105050003820101007aaf968ceb50c441055118d0daabaf015b8a765a27a715a2c2b44f221415ffdace03095abfa42df70708726c2069e5c36eddae0400be29452c084bc27eb6a17eac9dbe182c204eb15311f455d824b656dbe4dc2240912d7586fe88951d01a8feb5ae5a4260535df83431052422468c36e22c2a5ef994d61dd7306ae4c9f6951ba3c12f1d1914ddc61f1a62da2df827f603fea5603b2c540dbd7c019c36bab29a4271c117df523cdbc5f3817a49e0efa60cbd7f74177e7a4f193d43f4220772666e4c4d83e1bd5a86087cf34f2dec21e245ca6c2bb016e683638050d2c430eea7c26a1c49d3760a58ab7f1a82cc938b4831384324bd0401fa12163a50570e684d" />
</sigs>
</package>
<package name="com.example.myfirstapp" codePath="/data/app/com.example.myfirstapp-1.apk" nativeLibraryPath="/data/app-lib/com.example.myfirstapp-1" flags="572998" ft="14979020968" it="14979020b03" ut="14979020b03" version="1" userId="10050">
<sigs count="1">
<cert index="3" />
</sigs>
<perms />
</package>
<package name="com.android.browser" codePath="/system/app/Browser.apk" nativeLibraryPath="/data/app-lib/Browser" flags="638533" ft="140390733a0" it="140390733a0" ut="140390733a0" version="18" userId="10016">
<sigs count="1">
<cert index="0" />
</sigs>
</package>
<package name="com.android.widgetpreview" codePath="/data/app/WidgetPreview.apk" nativeLibraryPath="/data/app-lib/WidgetPreview" flags="572996" ft="1403904f568" it="1403904f568" ut="1403904f568" version="18" userId="10045">
<sigs count="1">
<cert index="0" />
</sigs>
<perms>
<item name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<item name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
</perms>
</package>
<package name="android" codePath="/system/framework/framework-res.apk" flags="4767241" ft="14038ffe870" it="14038ffe870" ut="14038ffe870" version="18" sharedUserId="1000">
<sigs count="1">
<cert index="1" />
</sigs>
</package>
<package name="com.siperdana.memo" codePath="/data/app/com.siperdana.memo-1.apk" nativeLibraryPath="/data/app-lib/com.siperdana.memo-1" flags="572996" ft="14a9f955a48" it="14a9f955d48" ut="14a9f955d48" version="1" userId="10046">
<sigs count="1">
<cert index="6" key="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" />
</sigs>
<perms />
</package>

.
.
.
<updated-package name="com.android.vending" codePath="/data/app/com.android.vending-1.apk" ft="1497e21d1d0" it="1497e0d4729" ut="1497e21d749" version="80280020" nativeLibraryPath="/data/app-lib/com.android.vending-1" userId="10052">
<perms>
<item name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<item name="android.permission.NFC" />
<item name="com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT" />
<item name="android.permission.USE_CREDENTIALS" />
<item name="com.android.vending.permission.C2D_MESSAGE" />
<item name="android.permission.GET_TASKS" />
<item name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />
<item name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<item name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<item name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />
<item name="android.permission.CLEAR_APP_CACHE" />
<item name="android.permission.AUTHENTICATE_ACCOUNTS" />
<item name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
<item name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<item name="com.android.vending.BILLING" />
<item name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<item name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
<item name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<item name="com.android.vending.billing.IN_APP_NOTIFY.permission.C2D_MESSAGE" />
<item name="android.permission.MANAGE_ACCOUNTS" />
<item name="com.android.vending.TOS_ACKED" />
<item name="android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE" />
<item name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<item name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
</perms>
</updated-package>
<shared-user name="android.uid.log" userId="1007">
<perms />
</shared-user>
<shared-user name="android.media" userId="10013">
<sigs count="1">
<cert index="4" />
</sigs>
<perms>
<item name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<item name="android.permission.SEND_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETED_INTENTS" />
<item name="android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH" />
<item name="android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER" />
<item name="android.permission.ACCESS_CACHE_FILESYSTEM" />
<item name="android.permission.WRITE_MEDIA_STORAGE" />
<item name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<item name="android.permission.MODIFY_NETWORK_ACCOUNTING" />
<item name="android.permission.ACCESS_MTP" />
<item name="android.permission.READ_SMS" />
<item name="android.permission.MANAGE_USERS" />
<item name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<item name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<item name="android.permission.ACCESS_ALL_DOWNLOADS" />
<item name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<item name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
<item name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<item name="android.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS" />
<item name="android.permission.CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL" />
<item name="android.permission.ACCESS_DOWNLOAD_MANAGER" />
<item name="android.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS" />
<item name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<item name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
<item name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
</perms>
</shared-user>
</packages>








Tambahan :
fileName: /data/system/packages.list
com.android.soundrecorder 10024 0 /data/data/com.android.soundrecorder release
com.android.sdksetup 10005 0 /data/data/com.android.sdksetup platform
com.android.launcher 10012 0 /data/data/com.android.launcher shared
com.android.defcontainer 10002 0 /data/data/com.android.defcontainer platform
com.android.smoketest 10041 0 /data/data/com.android.smoketest default
com.android.quicksearchbox 10006 0 /data/data/com.android.quicksearchbox shared
com.android.contacts 10004 0 /data/data/com.android.contacts shared
com.android.inputmethod.latin 10030 0 /data/data/com.android.inputmethod.latin shared
com.android.calculator2 10033 0 /data/data/com.android.calculator2 release

           

       

   

adb cheat sheet

1) pull files recursively

• add /.    >>  adb pull /data/data/com.whatsapp/. downloadDir

android obfuscated

Dalam project.properties:
proguard.config=${sdk.dir}/tools/proguard/proguard-android.txt:proguard-project.txt

dan berikut:

-keep public class * extends android.app.Service
-keep public class * extends android.content.BroadcastReceiver
-keep public class * extends android.content.ContentProvider

-keep public class * extends android.view.View {
    public (android.content.Context);
    public (android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet);
    public (android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet, int);
    public void set*(...);
}

-keepclasseswithmembers class * {
    public (android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet);
}

-keepclasseswithmembers class * {
    public (android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet, int);
}

-keepclassmembers class * extends android.content.Context {
   public void *(android.view.View);
   public void *(android.view.MenuItem);
}

-keepclassmembers class * implements android.os.Parcelable {
    static ** CREATOR;
}

-keepclassmembers class **.R$* {
    public static ;
}

-keepclassmembers class * {
    @android.webkit.JavascriptInterface ;
} 

Dan perlu sign apk(kalau tak sign, tiada obfuscated)
[RightClick Project -> Android Tools -> Export Signed Application Package]



ref:
1) http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22322061/how-can-i-obfuscate-my-code-in-eclipse-android
2) http://proguard.sourceforge.net/#manual/examples.html